Lab 14 - Bandwidth and Frequency

Bandwidth and Frequency

Objective:

Oversee bandwidth and quality factor given from waveform generator at different frequencies, capacitance, and resistance.

Process:

1. Problem - Construct circuit using multimeter, resistor, capacitor, waveform generator, and record values at different frequencies.

2. Built Circuit

3. Data Collected and Analzyed

Resistance = 1 ohm
Capacitance = 1 micorFarad

Resistance = 100ohm

Capacitance = 100 microFarad

Conclusion:

Resonance frequency is the inverse of the square root of capacitor times inductor. Knowing this values leads to further analysis of circuit and the quality of it. Bandwidth can be determined from the half-power frequencies as well.

Extra Credit

Lab 13 - Frequency Response and Filters

Frequency Response and Filters

Objective:

Experience practical use with frequency responses of analog filters

Process:

1. Problem - Construct filters and graph their gain magnitude and phase versus frequency contingent off of data collected

2. Materials - .1 microFarad capacitor
                       R_=1000 ohms
                      Waveform generator
                     
3. Circuit Calculations

Theoretical Value of Gain Expected

4. Circuit Built

Circuit Design

Circuit Demonstrated

5. Data Collected

Low Pass Filter Data Values

High pass Filter Data Values

6. Data Analyzed

Low Pass Filter %Error

Conclusion:

The objective was met through successful data collected from the filters. The gain ratio of output voltage to input voltage was relatively close tho theoretical calculations by only 2% in most frequencies. These values determined the validity of our constructed filter.  

Lab 12 - AC Signals

AC Signals

Objective:

In-Class Demonstration by Prof. Mason to display what AC signals look like and how to retrieve data from them.

Process:

1. Problem - Find unknown capacitance given current, frequency, and voltage.

2. Data Display

Sinusoidal Wave

Same wave at a higher frequency

3. Data Collected and Analyzed

Conclusion:

Information was able to be obtained from the graph displays of signal with the guidance of Prof. Mason. With given frequencies and concurrent voltage the capacitor value was able to be calculated to the amount of 2.88 microfarads. Actual capacitor value was not noted for comparison. 

Lab 11 - Freemat

Freemat

Objective:

Learn how to navigate through the mathematics application program(Freemat) to solve matrices and imaginary math problems

Process:
1. Assignment 1 - Use freemat to solve Nodal Analysis Equations

Result theoretically

Result verified in Freemat I_2 = -.01857

2. Assignment 2 - Use freemat for Imaginary Numbers operations

All 4 Problems

Problem 1 in Theory

Problem 1 in Freemat

Problem 2 in Theory

Problem 2 in Freemat

Problem 3 in Theory

Problem 3 in Freemat

Problem 4 is to input Imaginary Matrix into Freemat and solve 

Freemat verified correct answer on manual I_2 = 6.12<-35.22

Conclusion:

At the completion of the Feemat lab, assignments became much more feasible to accomplish because it took out computational error. This program is extremely practical, easy to learn, and will be used for the remainder of my academic career.   

Lab 10 - Practical Integrator

Practical Integrator

Objective:

Use an oscilloscope to display time-varying signals

Process:

1. In class Professor Mason used an opened oscilloscope to showcase what is inside the electronic instrument and how it works. It consists of an electric gun accelerating electrons towards a phosphor-coated display screen. This alone only yields one dot on the screen and moves only when electrostatic deflection is applied to it. The deflection plates are orientated horizontally left to right and vertically up or down causing a continuous signal varying with time to be displayed.

2. Problem
Sketch a circuit's input and output waveform for 1kHz sine wave, triangle wave, and square wave

3. Data Collected

In class demonstration - sine wave

Thats Prof. Mason!
Noise in the background illustrated because resistor was removed

square wave

Cosine wave

Conclusion:

The overall demonstration was peculiarly interesting from start to finish. To understand the how the instrument works and follow through to the product it produces, was remarkable to see what you can actually do with the material that is taught in class. Unfortunately, our camera equipment is not up to par and therefore could not capture the measurements of the waves. Although removal of the resistor did yield scratchy waves and input of it gave more smooth ones.

Lab 9 - Second Order Circuit

Second Order Circuit

Objective:

Practice online a second order circuit

Process:

1. Problem - Solve and input answer into online program about second order circuit

2. Data Collected

Conclusion:

The objective was met through completion of the problem